Investing, interest and returns

This is a set of cash-flow and return calculations, not a portfolio recommendation. It makes entered capital, contributions, rates, fees and time assumptions explicit instead of predicting a market outcome.

The public paths cover simple and compound interest, savings plans, target savings, present and future value, ROI, CAGR, NPV, IRR, payback and fees. Savings-plan timing can be at the beginning or end of a contribution period.

Compound paths use the selected compounding frequency. In a savings plan, the service applies the configured timing rather than treating every contribution as if it had been invested for the same duration. Fees reduce the entered gross return before the compounding model uses it.

ROI describes total change over the observed period; CAGR expresses an annualised constant rate over a positive duration, so the two measures answer different questions. NPV and IRR use equally spaced periods only; IRR can have no valid root or more than one root when cash-flow signs change.

The simple-versus-compound and ROI-versus-CAGR examples deliberately use the same fixed numbers to distinguish a total return from a yearly rate.

€1,000 at 5% for 2 years gives €1,100 with simple interest and €1,102.50 with annual compounding. From €1,000 to €1,210, ROI is 21% while CAGR is 10% per year.

Amounts use one selected display currency only; no exchange rate is calculated. Values are not rounded by the service before follow-on calculations, although the page formats monetary and percentage output.

The calculator has no market data, tax, inflation, loan, bond-price, account or asset-allocation model. Assumed or historical rates do not guarantee a future return, and results are not investment advice.