FreeTools Labs Glossary
Chemical calculations
Learn how chemical formulas, molar mass, amount of substance and concentration relate, from conversions to dilution and density.
Relevant tool
Chemistry Calculator
Formulas, molar mass, moles, concentration, dilution and density.
Open Chemistry Calculator →Chemistry calculations connect a formula's composition with mass, amount of substance, particles, concentration, dilution and density without treating those quantities as interchangeable.
Functions and inputs
The seven modes are formula/molar mass, mass/mol, particle count, concentration, dilution, percentage and density. They are distinct calculation paths, with masses in g, amount of substance in mol, concentration in mol/L and density in g/mL.
Calculation model
Each chemistry mode applies the relationship appropriate to the selected physical quantity: M = Σ(nᵢ × Aᵢ); n = m ÷ M; N = n × Nₐ; c = n ÷ V; c₁V₁ = c₂V₂; ρ = m ÷ V.
How the calculator model works
The formula parser handles element symbols, indices, nested round or square brackets, coefficients and hydrates, and combines repeated elements before summing reference atomic weights. Dilution uses the implemented additive-volume relation; percentage modes keep m/m, V/V and m/V separate.
Checked examples
These checked cases follow a formula mass and then a solution calculation with their stated units: Ca(OH)₂: 74.092 g/mol; 37.046 g → 0.5 mol → 3.01107038 × 10²³. NaCl: 5.844 g / 1 L → 0.1 mol/L; 2 mol/L × 0.25 L = 0.5 mol/L × 1 L.
Units, display and interpretation
The unit identifies what the number represents: mass in g, amount in mol, concentration in mol/L and density in g/mL: g · mol · mol/L · g/L · g/mL · kg/m³; particle count in scientific notation.
Scope and limits
The calculator does not balance reactions or model charges, isotopes, pH, purity, temperature, pressure, reaction stoichiometry or laboratory conditions. Its local quantities are not a laboratory, hazard or dosing assessment.
Sources and foundations
- CIAAW Abridged Standard Atomic Weights — CIAAW (External link)
Project-stored data basis, version 2024; the source is not retrieved at runtime.
BIPM SI — BIPM
Reference documented in the project for the units used; no URL is stored in the project.
NIST SP 811 — NIST
Reference documented in the project for the units used; no URL is stored in the project.